A study forecasts that climate change will lead to a decrease in overall avalanches in Switzerland by 2100 but an increase in the danger of wet snow avalanches. Rising temperatures are expected to reduce the frequency of dry snow avalanches while making wet snow avalanches more common, particularly above tree line. Effective measures such as resort closures in high-risk areas are recommended to mitigate potential dangers.
A recent study by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) indicates that climate change will drastically alter the avalanche landscape in Switzerland by the year 2100. Although the total frequency of avalanches is predicted to decrease, the danger associated with wet snow avalanches is expected to rise. These wet snow avalanches, which occur when the snowpack absorbs moisture from melting or rainfall, are anticipated to become more prevalent especially above the tree line. In contrast, the activity of dry snow avalanches is projected to decline due to an estimated increase in average winter temperatures of five degrees Celsius. The research highlights that, with warming temperatures causing a rise in the snow line and overall reduction in snowfall, avalanches will likely happen less frequently in valley areas. However, extreme weather events could still trigger larger avalanches at higher altitudes, posing potential risks as these could reach valley levels if they flow through channeled paths. The SLF conducted their research at various locations including the Weissfluhjoch above Davos and a high-altitude station near Zermatt, reflecting trends that apply not only within Switzerland but also to similar alpine environments globally. In recognition of the shifts in avalanche patterns, experts emphasize that closing ski resorts situated in at-risk zones stands out as an effective safety precaution. It is crucial for policymakers and the ski industry to heed these findings to mitigate risks associated with changing avalanche behaviors in the context of climate change.
This article delves into the impact of climate change on avalanche dynamics in Switzerland, specifically the anticipated shift from dry to wet snow avalanches as temperatures rise. The research stems from an investigation led by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, with findings relevant to both Swiss and similarly characterized mountainous regions. Understanding these changes is essential for preparing effective safety measures in skiing and other winter sports activities.
In summary, the SLF’s findings suggest that while overall avalanche frequency in Switzerland may decrease due to climate change, the risk of wet snow avalanches will intensify. This shift necessitates the implementation of strategic safety measures, such as the closure of ski resorts in high-risk areas, to protect outdoor enthusiasts and the general public. Continued research and vigilance are required to adapt to the evolving challenges posed by climate change in mountainous regions.
Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch
