The rare fish species Orestias ascotanensis in Chile’s Ascotan salt flat faces threats from proposed lithium mining projects. While the fish has adapted to extreme environmental conditions, the reduction in water caused by copper mining has decreased its population. Community members are advocating for the protection of the species as new mining initiatives are considered.
In the Ascotan salt flat of Chile, located at an elevation of over 3,700 meters (12,000 feet), a unique species of fish known as the Orestias ascotanensis, or “karachi,” faces existential threats from proposed lithium mining projects. This diminutive ray-finned fish, which measures a mere 7.5 centimeters (3 inches), has developed remarkable adaptations that enable it to survive in an environment characterized by extreme salinity and heavy metal concentrations. According to Marco Mendez, an evolutionary biology professor at the University of Chile, this species thrives amidst high solar radiation and dramatic temperature oscillations, enduring daytime temperatures of 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit) that can plummet below freezing at night. Researchers at the Millennium Institute’s genome center have conducted studies revealing the intricate adaptations that have evolved in these fish, allowing them to withstand challenging environmental conditions. Miguel Allende, the institute’s director, stated, “We have observed how they have adapted within a brief evolutionary timeframe, as there are other variants of this fish that inhabit less extreme conditions. They have intensified their genetic adaptations in response to these challenges.” Despite the adaptability of Orestias ascotanensis, reduced water availability resulting from copper mining activities has led to declines in their population. Local resident Mauricio Anza expressed concerns about this issue, emphasizing that excessive water extraction is detrimental to fish survival, stating, “That is what is hurting them; when they take the water, the fish die.” Residents of the area are actively working to protect the region’s unique biodiversity. In addition to ongoing copper mining activities, the Ascotan salt flat is earmarked for a private lithium mining initiative. Both locals and environmental experts assert that any such mining endeavors must incorporate stringent environmental protections to preserve the delicate ecosystem. Allende echoed these sentiments, advocating that “mining activity, while significant for economic reasons, must aim to ensure that this very particular environment is not lost forever.”
The Ascotan salt flat in Chile is home to the Orestias ascotanensis fish, which has developed unique adaptations to thrive in one of the planet’s most extreme environments. The impending lithium mining project poses risks to this fragile ecosystem, emphasizing the need for a balance between economic development and environmental preservation. The ongoing studies by scientists highlight the resilience of this fish, but they also reveal the potential threats that mining activities pose to its habitat and survival.
In summary, the Orestias ascotanensis fish in Chile’s Ascotan salt flat exemplifies extraordinary adaptability in extreme conditions, yet it is vulnerable to the repercussions of industrial activities, such as mining. The community’s efforts to safeguard the local environment are crucial, as the balance between resource extraction and ecological preservation remains a pressing concern. Preserving this unique ecosystem will require enforceable safeguards as mining projects advance.
Original Source: www.straitstimes.com
