Digne Rwabuhungu, a geologist and head of the School of Mining and Geology at the University of Rwanda, refutes claims that Rwanda lacks minerals by citing historical surveys. He highlights Rwanda’s rich geological heritage and advocates for responsible management and exploration of critical minerals, particularly in light of the growing demand driven by technology advancements. Rwabuhungu calls for investment in skilled labor and the establishment of a geological survey institution.
Digne Rwabuhungu, a prominent geologist and head of the School of Mining and Geology at the University of Rwanda, has refuted allegations claiming Rwanda lacks mineral resources. Historical surveys dating back to the 1930s have documented the presence of minerals such as tin, tantalum, tungsten (collectively known as the 3Ts), and gold within Rwanda’s borders. Professor Rwabuhungu, who holds a PhD in geology and mining from Belgium, has contributed significantly to the field through various publications, including the African Academic reference book on Applied Geology.
He emphasized that the geological characteristics of Rwanda, particularly the Karagwe-Ankole Belt shared with neighboring countries, support the existence of substantial mineral deposits. The belt encompasses vital minerals, including tin, tungsten, and coltan, which are also extracted in various countries within the region. Rwabuhungu noted that mineral resources are not confined by borders and that Rwanda’s geology could explain the mineral wealth in surrounding territories.
The concept of critical minerals, as explained by Rwabuhungu, is evolving due to changing economic dynamics and supply challenges. Since the 1930s, geological evaluations have revealed Rwanda’s deposits of significant minerals, which are often located along granite formations characterized by steep faults. The Rwanda Development Board acknowledges a rich assortment of historical mineral occurrences, with operational mines producing key commodities such as cassiterite, gold, and rare minerals associated with pegmatite.
Regarding lithium, a newly designated critical mineral, Rwabuhungu noted its rising significance primarily stemming from its application in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles. He observed that countries such as Australia, China, and the United States are prominent lithium producers, underscoring its growing global importance.
He further highlighted how geological discoveries in the Karagwe-Ankole Belt have often relied on historical colonial research, which was disproportionately focused on certain areas, notably neglecting Rwanda relative to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Rwabuhungu urged for enhanced mineral exploration and research, citing that the University of Rwanda established its geology and mining program only nine years ago, whereas neighboring institutions have long had such facilities.
Looking ahead, Professor Rwabuhungu predicts an increase in demand for critical minerals driven by advancements in technology, particularly in e-mobility. He referenced a study by the International Energy Agency projecting a significant rise in electric vehicle demand by 125% from 2017 to 2030. This surge necessitates responsible mineral production strategies, particularly for African nations rich in these resources, and investments in training a skilled workforce.
Since the establishment of the School of Mining and Geology in 2015, Rwanda has produced 260 trained professionals, a notable rise from 40 in 1995. However, Rwanda currently lacks a dedicated geological survey institution responsible for mapping and understanding the country’s natural resources. Rwabuhungu compared Rwanda’s situation unfavorably with countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Tanzania, which have established geological survey entities for resource management.
In conclusion, Professor Digne Rwabuhungu’s expert insights reveal Rwanda’s historical wealth of mineral resources, which counters misconceptions about the country’s geological capabilities. By emphasizing the significance of critical minerals, particularly in the context of technological advancements and e-mobility, Rwabuhungu advocates for responsible mineral production and the need for skilled professionals in the mining sector. Continued geological research and the establishment of a dedicated survey institution are crucial for optimizing Rwanda’s mineral wealth in the future.
Original Source: www.newtimes.co.rw
