Following the violence surrounding Mozambique’s disputed election in October 2024, about 13,000 refugees fled to Malawi. Efforts are underway to facilitate their return, although many remain cautious due to safety and economic concerns in Mozambique. Experts highlight the need for political stability and economic recovery in Mozambique to ensure successful repatriation.
The recent election violence in Mozambique led to approximately 300 fatalities and forced around 13,000 Mozambicans to flee to southern Malawi. In the aftermath, officials from both nations initiated efforts to repatriate these refugees. The political turmoil arose after Daniel Chapo from the ruling Frelimo party succeeded Filipe Nyusi, causing opposition leader Venancio Mondlane to allege electoral fraud, which incited widespread protests after the Constitutional Council validated Chapo’s victory, perpetuating Frelimo’s long-standing rule since independence in 1975.
Most refugees arrived in Malawi’s Nsanje district, often traversing perilous routes that included infested rivers. Many were housed in displacement camps with insufficient access to food and medical supplies, complicating the situation in a country already hosting over 50,000 refugees from various conflicts. Additionally, Malawi’s socio-economic challenges—including poor agricultural yields attributed to El Niño—exacerbate risks related to diseases such as cholera and malaria, especially as the rainy season approaches.
Moses Mukandawire, a human rights activist with the Nyika Institute, acknowledged Malawi’s historical role in sheltering Mozambican refugees, particularly during the civil war from 1977 to 1992. He emphasized the vital role of peace in Mozambique for facilitating voluntary repatriation. Mukandawire asserted that many refugees, facing deteriorating conditions in Malawi, are compelled to return home to safeguard their agricultural interests, despite mixed sentiments regarding safety in Mozambique.
Nevertheless, the traumatic experiences endured by the refugees, including loss of property and loved ones, raise concerns about their willingness to return without guarantees of security. Mukandawire noted the necessity for a fact-finding mission to verify the Mozambican government’s assurances of safety for returning citizens.
Economically, Mozambique grapples with instability following the violence, with a significant adverse impact on commerce. Teresa Boene, an economist, highlighted the need for economic recovery, as many businesses have faced irreversible losses due to looting and destruction. Aldemiro Eduardo reported that approximately 40% of infrastructure was damaged, and losses in stocks and operations are estimated at €110 million, with over 17,000 individuals becoming unemployed. Mozambique’s government has indicated a substantial deficit in tax revenue caused by the aftermath of the disturbances.
In conclusion, the ongoing situation surrounding the repatriation of Mozambican refugees in Malawi reflects complex socio-political dynamics. The political unrest following the disputed election resulted in significant casualties and displacement, while the refugees face profound challenges, including precarious living conditions and economic instability. Experts stress the necessity of establishing a climate of stability in Mozambique to facilitate successful repatriation, as many refugees are uncertain about returning under current conditions. The economic repercussions of the violence are profound, necessitating substantial recovery efforts.
Original Source: www.dw.com
