Rising violence in South Sudan, especially between the Nuer and Dinka communities, poses risks of civil war. Uganda’s military intervention complicates peace efforts and sparks disputes, highlighting the White Army’s independent role. Solidifying dialogue and involving community leaders are vital for resolving tensions, while international intervention remains crucial for long-term stability.
The resurgence of violence in South Sudan can be traced to deep-rooted tensions, particularly between the Nuer and Dinka communities, exacerbated by the split of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) in 1991. Political tensions have escalated alongside military conflict in Upper Nile State, invoking fears of a civil war resurgence. In March 2025, Uganda deployed troops at the South Sudanese government’s request, which led to aerial bombardments that exacerbated the conflict and unraveled ongoing peace discussions, specifically the 2018 power-sharing agreement.
The conflict recently escalated following attacks by the White Army, a Nuer community militia, against South Sudan People’s Defence Forces in Upper Nile State, resulting in nearly 50 deaths. The White Army asserts that its actions were in self-defense amidst a backdrop of prolonged grievances. Historically, this militia has operated independently, complicating the current political landscape and challenging any attempts to unify all Nuer factions under a single leadership.
The recent violence differs from the civil war that erupted in 2013 as it appears to be incited by a series of provocations rather than a coordinated political strategy. Events escalated after clashes resumed in February 2025, leading to significant military defeats for the government forces, culminating in a violent power struggle that involved the loss of several military and civilian lives. As political blame is cast on opposition elements, the reality of the White Army’s independence is overlooked.
To avert a return to full-scale warfare, constructive dialogue and sustained community demobilization must be prioritized. The government’s avoidance of retaliatory arrests of opposition figures and indiscriminate attacks is crucial to rebuilding trust. Engaging with local leaders to foster peace particularly during the rainy season could create an opportunity for stability.
The international community has expressed concern over the rising violence but has not taken substantial measures to address the situation. The United Nations should explicitly condemn unjust arrests of opposition figures and advocate for political solutions that consider the complex sociopolitical dynamics at play in South Sudan. This approach promotes de-escalation and addresses the deep-seated grievances within the communities involved.
In conclusion, violence in South Sudan has intensified due to historical enmities, political fragmentation, and military confrontations between rival ethnic groups. Lessons from past civil conflicts indicate that addressing grievances and fostering dialogue among affected communities and political factions is essential for preventing further escalation. The role of both local leadership and international support is vital in promoting peace and stability in the region.
Original Source: eastleighvoice.co.ke
